In video, photography and animation, the standard method of lighting is the Three-Point Lighting. Using 3 light sources to light up a subject, while controlling shadows, shading and atmosphere directly. The 3 light sources are named: Fill light, Key light and Rim light.
The Key Light
The Key Light, is the main light that directly shines on the subject. This light helps determine the strength and angle of the fill land back light. Additionally the Key light maybe coloured to give a different atmosphere. In the picture above, an apple is the subject and is currently been illuminated by the Key light.
The Fill Light
The Fill Light, is an additional light source that shines on the subject. Its position is determined by the key light, the light is lower then the Key light and often on the opposite side of the camera to the Key light. The fill light is often a soft light to remove contrast across the subject. In the picture above the apple is only been lit by the Fill light, as you can see it is dimmer then Key light but proves a soft light on the left side removing the dark shadows, as can be seen below.
The Rim Light
The Rim light is often facing towards the back of the subject, giving a rim of light around the edges, hence being called Rim light. This is often used to help separate the subject from the background and showing the details around the edge of the subject. In the picture above, the apple is being hit by the Rim light showing the colours and shape of the edges.
Combined
In the picture above, the apple is under the 3 point lighting. The lighting helps show the shape, colour and helps separate it from the background.
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